What Was the Capital of Pennsylvania Before Harrisburg?

Exploring Pennsylvania's Capitals Before Harrisburg

If you look at a map of the United States today, Harrisburg stands out as the capital of Pennsylvania. But did you know Harrisburg was not always the seat of government for this historic state? Understanding the cities that once claimed the title "capital of Pennsylvania" unveils a fascinating journey into colonial America and the birth of a state central to the nation.

Historical Evolution of Pennsylvania’s State Capital

Pennsylvania's government did not always call Harrisburg home. Several locations served as the capital before Harrisburg was officially designated in 1812. The reasons for the changes reflect the nation's growth, security needs, and the migration of political power within the state.

• Philadelphia: The original state capital, filled with historical significance.
• Lancaster: Served as a temporary capital amidst political and geographic change.

Philadelphia: The Birthplace of Pennsylvania Governance

When Pennsylvania was one of the original thirteen colonies, Philadelphia stood as the primary hub for everything political. In fact, from the late 1600s through the late 1700s, Philadelphia was the biggest city in North America and a center for colonial America’s government and commerce.

• Philadelphia was where the First and Second Continental Congresses were held.
• The Declaration of Independence was signed in Independence Hall.
• The city briefly served as the nation’s capital from 1790 to 1800.

For Pennsylvania, Philadelphia was its first and most influential capital city. From 1682, when William Penn founded the city, through 1799, most legislative activities took place here.

Lancaster: Pennsylvania's Second Official Capital

By the end of the 1700s, as settlement pushed westward, Pennsylvania's leaders searched for a capital in a more accessible, central location. In 1799, the capital moved from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Why was the capital moved to Lancaster?

• Philadelphia was considered vulnerable to attacks, especially from the British during the American Revolution.
• The government wanted a capital closer to the state’s geographic center to better serve the people.
• Increased settlement and transportation needs made a more central location practical.

Lancaster served as Pennsylvania’s capital from 1799 until 1812. The state legislature met in Lancaster’s courthouse, which was hastily prepared for government proceedings.

Why Was Harrisburg Chosen as the Permanent Capital?

Harrisburg became the capital for strategic and logistical reasons. The city sat even closer to the heart of the growing state, making it more accessible to Pennsylvanians from all regions. The Susquehanna River offered easy transportation and trade links, supporting a thriving commercial future. In October 1812, Harrisburg officially became Pennsylvania's permanent capital, a status it still holds today.

Timeline of Pennsylvania Capitals Before Harrisburg

• 1682 – 1799: Philadelphia serves as Pennsylvania’s capital.
• 1799 – 1812: Lancaster holds the capital status.
• 1812 – Present: Harrisburg becomes the state capital.

Broader Impact on State History & Culture

The changing location of Pennsylvania’s capital speaks to its dynamic growth and the challenges early American leaders faced. Each city has shaped the culture, history, and legacy of Pennsylvania:

• Philadelphia: National birthplace of liberty and independence.
• Lancaster: Key transitional capital, connecting east and west.
• Harrisburg: Central location for modern state governance.

Visitors to any of these historic Pennsylvania capitals can walk in the footsteps of early settlers and leaders who shaped the nation.

Interesting Facts: Pennsylvania’s Capital Cities

• Philadelphia is also where the U.S. Constitution was drafted in 1787.
• Lancaster is one of America’s oldest inland cities, founded in 1730.
• In 1777, during the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress met for one day in Lancaster after fleeing Philadelphia.
• Harrisburg’s State Capitol building is frequently ranked among the most beautiful in the country.

Frequently Asked Questions About Pennsylvania State Capitals

When did Harrisburg become Pennsylvania’s capital?

Harrisburg became the official capital of Pennsylvania in October 1812. The city was chosen for its central location and favorable transportation options along the Susquehanna River.

What was the capital of Pennsylvania before Harrisburg?

Before Harrisburg, Lancaster was the capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812. Prior to Lancaster, Philadelphia was the first and longest-serving capital.

Why did the capital move from Philadelphia to Lancaster?

Leaders sought a safer, more central location for government business. Philadelphia’s location made it susceptible to foreign attacks and less accessible for settlers moving west. Lancaster, in the middle of the state, offered greater safety and convenience.

Which city was the longest-serving capital before Harrisburg?

Philadelphia served as the state capital for over 100 years, from 1682 to 1799. Lancaster was capital for a much shorter period, just 13 years.

What historical sites can I visit in Pennsylvania’s former capitals?

In Philadelphia, you can visit Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell. Lancaster features museums and tours related to colonial and early American life. Harrisburg’s State Capitol Complex is also open to visitors and features many historical exhibits.

What to Remember About Pennsylvania’s Capital City History

Philadelphia and Lancaster played vital roles before Harrisburg took its place as the seat of government. These historic changes reflect Pennsylvania’s development and the movement of people and power over time. Learning about these capitals gives you a deeper appreciation for the state’s influence on American history and culture.